![]() Participants in the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study underwent structural and resting-state functional MRI at baseline. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patterns of resting-state connectivity between brain regions predict differential outcome to antidepressant medication (sertraline) compared with placebo. Major depressive disorder is associated with aberrant resting-state functional connectivity across multiple brain networks supporting emotion processing, executive function, and reward processing. Cumulative risk might represent early signs of burnout in brain regions underlying episodic memory. We also ruled out confounds due to in-scanner performance and premorbid ability. Risk factors most contributing to these elevated levels of brain activity included hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cholesterol. Whole-brain analyses revealed additional positive associations in prefrontal and occipito-temporal cortices. Increased dementia risk was positively associated with brain activity in regions of interest within the default mode network, the hippocampus, and the entorhinal cortex during memory retrieval. In an alternative-forced-choice test, participants viewed a picture cue and had to determine which of four pictures was paired with the cue. In the memory task, participants viewed a pair of pictures. #MAZAIKA ANIAMTION FREE#Middle-aged and older adults (aged 50-74) free of dementia were recruited with varying levels of risk and underwent a neuropsychological battery and fMRI. We hypothesized that as the number of ADRD risk factors increase, brain regions within the medial temporal lobes and the default mode network would exhibit altered brain activity during an episodic memory retrieval task. To better interpret fMRI findings, several steps were taken to adjust fMRI activity thereby reducing such cerebrovascular effects. One barrier to this research is that increased risk for ADRD affects the cerebrovascular system and, therefore, alters the link between neural activity and the fMRI BOLD signal. However, it is not known how an accumulation of such factors impact brain functioning. Longitudinal research suggests that genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors enhance one's risk for developing Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Additionally, the unique self-reflection paradigm demonstrated that perception of self or self-image, may be influenced by personality type a finding of potentially far-reaching implications. The data also suggest that there is a left hemisphere relationship for the Material/Pragmatic and Thinking/Logical styles and a right activation relationship for Emotional/Feeling and Intuitive/Imaginative styles. The fMRI data analysis suggests that each thinking style may have its own cognitive activation system, involving the frontal ventromedial, posterior medial, parietal, motor, and orbitofrontal cortex. The neuroimaging data support the general theoretical hypothesis of the existence of four different BOLD activation patterns, associated with each of the four thinking styles. Based on participant responses, equal numbers of each dominant thinking style were selected for neuroimaging using a unique fMRI cognitive activation paradigm. The participants (N = 40) were initially surveyed to determine their dominant (primary) and secondary thinking styles. The theoretical postulation is that each of the four personality orientations has a dominant (primary) thinking style and a shadow (secondary) thinking style/trait. As such, our results substantiate on a neurofunctional level that game-based learning leads to an invigoration of learning processes through processes of reward and emotional engagement.This study examines the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation of the brain associated with the four distinctive thinking styles associated with the four personality orientations of the Gountas Personality Orientations (GPO) survey: Emotion/Feeling-Action, Material/Pragmatic, Intuitive/Imaginative, and Thinking/Logical. With only a few exceptions, decoding of these brain areas’ activation patterns indicated predominantly stronger relative activation in the game-based task version. amygdala or ventral tegmental area) when participants received feedback. We evaluated neurofunctional activation patterns within a comprehensive set of brain areas involved in emotional and reward processes (e.g. Questioning further whether and how game-based learning elicit emotional processes, the current fMRI study examined the neurofunctional correlates of game-based learning by directly comparing a game-based and a non-game-based version of a digital learning task. In parallel, game-based learning was found to emotionally engage learners, allegedly harnessing the fundamental tie between emotions and cognition. #MAZAIKA ANIAMTION DRIVERS#Accumulating evidence identifies emotions as drivers of effective learning. ![]()
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